There were 5 relapses (14.3%) in the hookworm group vs 11 (30.6%) receiving placebo.Ĭonclusions and Relevance Treatment with hookworm was safe and well tolerated.
#HOOKWORMS IN HUMANS TREATMENT SKIN#
There were no differences in adverse events between groups except more application-site skin discomfort in the hookworm group (82% vs 28%). No patients withdrew because of adverse effects. The percentage of CD4+CD25 highCD127 negT cells increased at month 9 in the hookworm group (hookworm, 32 placebo, 34 P = .01). The median cumulative numbers of new/enlarging/enhancing lesions were not significantly different between the groups by preplanned Mann-Whitney U tests, which lose power with tied data (high number of zeroactivity MRIs in the hookworm group, 18/35 vs 10/36 in the placebo group). Sixty-six patients (93.0%) completed the trial. Results Patients (mean age, 45 years 50 women ) were randomized to receive hookworm (35 ) or placebo (36 ). The secondary end point was the percentage of cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+CD25 highCD127 negT regulatory cells in peripheral blood. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was the cumulative number of new/enlarging T2/new enhancing T1 lesions at month 9. The MRI scans were performed monthly during months 3 to 9 and 3 months posttreatment. Interventions Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either 25 Necator americanus larvae transcutaneously or placebo. Seventy-three patients were screened of these, 71 were recruited (2 ineligible/declined). Patients aged 18 to 61 years with relapsing MS without disease-modifying treatment were recruited from the MS clinic.
#HOOKWORMS IN HUMANS TREATMENT TRIAL#
Objective To determine whether hookworm treatment has effects on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity and T regulatory cells in relapsing MS.ĭesign, Setting, and Participants This 9-month double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted between September 2012 and March 2016 in a modified intention-to-treat population (the data were analyzed June 2018) at the University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, a single tertiary referral center. To our knowledge, there are no controlled treatment trials with helminth in MS. Importance Studies suggest gut worms induce immune responses that can protect against multiple sclerosis (MS). Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.
Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.
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